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Red meat honey pomelo winter management
At present, red meat pomelo and honey pomelo have entered the stage of flower bud morphological differentiation. It is crucial to implement timely and effective winter management practices to strengthen tree vitality and encourage robust flowering, ensuring a successful harvest in the coming season. Below are key recommendations for winter care of red meat pomelo, aimed at helping farmers improve their orchard productivity.
First, after harvesting, it is essential to apply post-harvest fertilization to restore tree health. For young fruit-bearing trees, applying 1.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer per 100 kg of fruit is recommended. This can be done by watering or trenching. Alternatively, for every 100 kg of fruit, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.1 kg of potash, and 1-2 applications of sand-based fertilizer can be used. For weak or yellowing trees, foliar sprays such as 0.3% urea, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.4% magnesium sulfate should be combined with soil fertilization. In areas with high altitude, post-harvest fertilizer should be applied between late October and early November, while lowland areas may benefit from application in late October.
Second, girdling is an important technique to promote flowering and fruit set. The timing and method vary depending on tree condition. For vigorous trees, girdling should be performed during the "Snow" to "Heavy Snow" period, with a width of 3–5 mm, just cutting the epidermis without damaging the xylem. For older or weak trees, girdling should occur between "Heavy Snow" and "Winter Solstice." When girdling branches, leave some shoots uncut to protect root systems and maintain leaf production.
Third, winter pruning should begin after late November. Focus on removing dense branches, leggy growth, dead or diseased limbs, and maintaining an open canopy structure. Avoid cutting inward branches that produce fruit, and instead, trim only the outer layers. Pruning helps balance growth and supports better flower and fruit development.
Fourth, shallow cultivation is recommended for mature and old trees. Avoid deep plowing; instead, cultivate up to 10 cm to enhance soil aeration and root health. This practice helps maintain strong root systems and prevents leaf yellowing, which is essential for long-term productivity.
Fifth, pest and disease control is critical during the winter months. Before girdling, spray insecticides such as pine resin mixtures to target scale insects, locusts, and mites. Apply these treatments when temperatures are below 15°C, preferably on dry days without wind. Pine resin mixtures are particularly effective due to their alkaline properties, which penetrate the wax layer of pests and reduce infestations.
Lastly, before spring buds emerge, apply a pre-sprouting fertilizer to support healthy shoot growth. For every 100 kg of fruit, use 3 kg of compound fertilizer, or a mix of 0.5 kg urea, 0.2 kg potassium sulfate, 0.2 kg magnesium sulfate, and 0.3 kg calcium nitrate. Watering this mixture into the soil ensures balanced nutrient supply, promoting strong flowers and high-quality fruit.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health and yield of their red meat pomelo trees, ensuring sustainable and profitable production.