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High-yielding cultivation techniques for spring soybean
Soybean cultivation is an effective method for farmers to improve soil fertility, increase profits, and achieve faster growth cycles. It's a promising approach for rural development and income generation. Here are some advanced techniques for high-yield spring soybean farming.
First, seed treatment plays a crucial role in ensuring strong germination. Before sowing, select healthy seeds and expose them to sunlight for 3–4 hours to enhance their viability. During sowing, treat the seeds with either 0.1–0.2% ammonium molybdate or rhizobia (mix 0.5 kg of rhizobia with 10 kg of seeds). This practice promotes early and abundant nodulation, improves plant growth, increases branching, enhances pod setting, and can boost yields by 10–20%.
Second, proper soil preparation is essential. Plow the field to a depth of 20–25 cm, and ensure the soil is well crushed. For paddy fields, create ridges that are 12 meters wide to prevent waterlogging. Apply a base fertilizer of 1,500 kg of compost, 600 kg of ash, 10 kg of phosphate, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. Mix everything thoroughly and then drill holes for planting. Maintain a row spacing of 16–18 cm and a plant spacing of 12–14 cm, placing 1–2 seeds per hole. Aim for 28,000–30,000 plants per 667 square meters.
Third, choose suitable varieties based on the region. Using autumn soybeans from the previous year as seeds can improve germination rates, ensure uniform emergence, and lead to earlier maturity and higher yields. For paddy fields, "Gudou 1" and "Gudou 2" are recommended. On red soil hills, "Maohuanghuang," "Dajinhuang," and "Yuedou No.1" are ideal. These improved varieties are compact, drought-tolerant, and easy to manage, making them excellent choices for high yield.
Fourth, implement timely weeding and fertilization. When seedlings reach 15–20 cm in height, perform shallow cultivation to promote rhizobial activity and feed the cotyledon nodes. Applying lime powder at 50–60 kg per 667 square meters can improve disease resistance and reduce lodging. During the branching stage, apply 5 kg of urea and 7 kg of potassium chloride per 667 square meters to increase the number of productive branches and flowering rate. Spraying 0.7 grams of paclobutrazol in 25 liters of water during the podding stage helps increase node numbers. At flowering time, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1–2 times to raise the seed-setting rate by over 20%.
Fifth, topping the heart can further boost production. Spraying 4–5 grams of sodium sulfite in 50 liters of water once a week for 2–3 weeks during flowering can increase photosynthesis and raise yields by 8–10%. Two weeks before harvest, removing the top of the plant can increase the scarring rate by 7–8%.
Lastly, pest and disease control is critical. Early in the growing season, monitor for locusts, ground beetles, and borer insects. During the reproductive phase, focus on controlling soybean aphids, ladybugs, and leaf spot diseases to protect the crop and ensure a healthy harvest.