Garden plant urea uses eight taboos
Urea is a widely used and highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer, favored by garden and landscape managers for its ease of application. It can be applied as a base fertilizer, top-dressing, or foliar spray. However, improper use can lead to significant waste and even harm plants, causing what's known as "fertilizer burn." To ensure optimal results, it's essential to follow eight key guidelines when applying urea.
First, avoid mixing urea with alkaline fertilizers such as wood ash, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, or slag phosphate. When combined, urea reacts with these substances, converting nitrogen into ammonia and leading to volatilization. In summer and autumn, apply them 3–4 days apart; in winter and spring, wait 7–8 days.
Second, do not use urea as a seed fertilizer. High concentrations of biuret, a toxic compound found in urea, can damage seeds and reduce germination rates. Even if necessary, keep the fertilizer away from the seeds and limit the amount used.
Third, after applying urea as a top-dressing, avoid watering immediately. Urea has low adsorption capacity in soil, and water can cause leaching, similar to nitrate fertilizers. In summer and autumn, wait 2–3 days before watering; in winter and spring, wait 7–8 days. Also, avoid applying urea just before heavy rain.
Fourth, apply urea at a shallow depth. This increases the risk of volatilization and weed competition. Instead, apply it deeper—about 10–15 cm—near the plant roots. This ensures better nutrient absorption and improves fertilizer efficiency.
Fifth, don’t overuse urea. With a nitrogen content of 44%–48%, it’s highly concentrated. Excessive use leads to waste and potential harm to plants. Always follow recommended application rates.
Sixth, when using urea for foliar sprays, avoid high concentrations. Too much can burn leaves and harm the plant. For landscaping trees, a concentration of 0.5% to 1.5% is ideal.
Seventh, apply urea early. Delaying application reduces its effectiveness. It should generally be applied 4–7 days earlier than other nitrogen fertilizers to allow proper conversion in the soil.
Eighth, combine urea with organic matter and other nutrients like phosphorus and potassium. Mixing it with superphosphate, for example, helps form stable ammonium phosphate, which speeds up urea breakdown and improves nitrogen availability for crops. This enhances overall fertilizer efficiency and promotes balanced plant nutrition.
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