Dendronenthamia japonica var. chinensis, commonly known as dogwood, chicken fruit, or stone date, is a deciduous shrub or small tree that can grow up to 9 meters in height. Its branchlets are fine, initially green and later turning brown with a smooth texture. The leaves are papery, opposite, ovate or ovate-elliptic, dark green on the upper surface, sparsely covered with white hairs, and pinkish green on the underside, also with white hairs. The veins are pinnate, slightly curved upwards, creating a concave surface and a raised back. The flowers are bisexual, small, and gathered into a globose head at the top of the branchlets, containing 20 to 30 blossoms. Each flower has four large, white sepals that resemble petals, and they bloom from May to June, giving rise to the name "Four Flowers." The fruits are clustered into spherical, fleshy drupes that turn purple from September to October, hence the common name "chicken fruit." Sizhaohua is a temperate species native to regions along the Yangtze River Valley, including Henan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. It typically grows in forests, valleys, and near streams between 60 and 2,200 meters above sea level. It prefers partial shade, thrives in warm and humid climates, and adapts well to fertile, well-drained sandy soils. It is highly adaptable, capable of tolerating cold, dryness, and poor soil conditions, even surviving temperatures as low as -15°C. In southern areas, it can be planted directly in open fields. Propagation of Sizhaohua is commonly done through suckers or cuttings, though seed propagation is also possible. After flowering in late spring or during winter dormancy, young plantlets growing around the base of the parent plant can be transplanted. Cuttings are taken during the growing season, usually between March and April, using one- or two-year-old shoots that are cut into 5–6 cm sections and inserted into pure sand or sandy soil. They are shaded and kept moist for about 50 days. For seed propagation, ripe fruits are harvested in fall, dried, and stored in ventilated bags or baskets. Due to hard seeds, germination may take up to two years. Before sowing, seeds should be soaked, the outer layer removed, and then stratified in sand and warm water for 20 days. Germination occurs in early spring, and seedlings require careful field management, including timely watering, soil aeration, weeding, and fertilization to promote healthy root development. Plants can be used for landscaping after three years, and flowering typically begins around eight years of age. Sizhaohua is resistant to pruning, and light pruning before spring budding helps maintain an attractive shape. The main disease affecting this plant is leaf spot, which can be controlled by spraying with carbendazim or zinc supplements. This tree is visually striking, especially in early summer when its white bracts cover the entire canopy, creating a stunning display that resembles dancing butterflies in the wind. In autumn, the trees are laden with fruits, evoking a sense of abundance and joy. It is a beautiful ornamental tree, suitable for planting in gardens, lawns, roadsides, forest edges, and near water features. When the leaves turn maroon in fall, it becomes exceptionally enchanting. The fruit is edible, and the wood is hard, straight-grained, and easy to work with, making it a valuable timber species. Additionally, Sizhaohua is both a medicinal and edible tree. Its fruit can be consumed fresh or used in wine and vinegar production. Medicinally, it is believed to warm the stomach, aid digestion, and improve blood circulation. Fresh leaves can be applied to wounds to reduce swelling, while the roots and seeds are used to stop bleeding and treat women’s menstrual disorders and abdominal pain. Currently, there is growing interest in imported ornamental tree species, but this has led to imbalances in the nursery stock market due to long introduction cycles and limited availability of domestic seedlings. Native species like Sizhaohua, which are widely distributed, easy to propagate, and have short growth cycles, offer great potential for greening barren lands, restoring soil fertility, and enhancing urban landscapes. In recent years, Sizhaohua has been successfully used in landscaping projects in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, where its unique beauty and versatility make it a valuable addition to modern garden designs.

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