Compared to traditional direct seeding methods, cultivating Coprinus comatus in specialized mushroom bags offers several advantages. These include easier monitoring of the growing environment, better control over temperature and humidity, a higher germination success rate, and the ability to produce mushrooms on a larger scale. The mycelium of Coprinus comatus is known for its strong resistance to stress and longevity, meaning it can remain viable for extended periods as long as the right conditions are maintained. This makes it possible to prepare large quantities of bags and cultivate high-quality mushrooms during suitable seasons. The entire germination process can be divided into four key stages, each requiring specific management strategies.

The first stage involves the initial germination period, which typically lasts 3 to 5 days. During this time, maintaining an optimal temperature is crucial to promote rapid growth. The fungal strains are sensitive to damage and dehydration, especially when exposed to high temperatures above 40°C, which can cause burning, or low temperatures that slow down development. A general temperature of around 20°C is ideal for most substrates. After 3 to 4 days, the inoculated material should show dense and uniform mycelium growth, indicating successful germination. To support this phase, shading and insulation are important. Additionally, care must be taken to avoid contamination from mucilage or discoloration due to improper mixing or disinfection of the substrate.

The second stage is the colonization expansion period, also referred to as the cover growth phase, which usually lasts about 10 days. During this time, the mycelium grows rapidly, occupying the substrate and outcompeting other microorganisms. As metabolism increases, carbon dioxide levels rise, and oxygen demand becomes significant. Proper ventilation and heat dissipation are essential. About 5 to 7 days after inoculation, the bags should be turned, and the covers removed to check for contamination. Ventilation is best done during calm, windless conditions or in sunny weather to avoid introducing unwanted bacteria. If the internal temperature is not too high, some procedures can be skipped. The temperature inside the bag is typically 3–5°C higher than outside, so the surface should not exceed 25°C. A temperature of around 20°C is preferable—cool to the touch but not hot, as excessive heat can lead to mycelium burning.

The third stage is the safe growth period, also known as the hyphal elongation phase. At this point, the mycelium has fully covered the substrate and continues to grow inward until the entire medium is colonized. Higher temperatures can speed up growth but may weaken the hyphae. To ensure thick and robust mycelium, proper ventilation and cooling are necessary. By day 5 to 20 post-inoculation, the culture will have entered a phase of significant heat production. The mycelium is active and requires more oxygen, making ventilation critical. Healthy mycelium appears white, dense, and evenly stretched forward. Weak or thin mycelium may still produce mushrooms, but yields tend to be lower.

The final stage is the maturation period, also called the hyphal reeling phase. When the culture is fully colonized, the hyphae continue to grow and become thicker and whiter. This phase typically lasts 4 to 5 days. Once mature, the mycelium stops growing and begins to form primordia, marking the transition to fruiting bodies. Key management practices during this period include: (1) increasing light exposure by removing shade to inhibit mycelium growth and encourage knotting; (2) raising air humidity to over 85%; and (3) reducing the ambient temperature to increase the temperature difference. Meeting these conditions promptly helps shorten the maturation period, while failing to do so can delay mushroom formation.

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