Change traditional bitter gourd planting methods

Bitter gourd has high temperature and does not tolerate cold, so it brings certain difficulties to the production of solar greenhouse in winter. In recent years, the cultivation of balsam pear in the solar greenhouse through grafting technology in some areas has enhanced plant disease resistance and allowed it to safely pass through the winter. The cultivation techniques are summarized below.

Grafting technology: 1. Seed treatment: bitter gourd seeded in early October, before sowing with 50-55 °C hot water soaking, stirring constantly and add hot water, so that the water temperature to maintain this temperature for 15-20 minutes, and then stirred to room temperature, continue Bitter gourd seeds were soaked for 12 hours and the germination temperature was 30-35°C. Soak the pumpkins for 6-8 hours. Germinating temperature 25-30°C Black seed pumpkins are sown 1-2 days later. Most of the seeds are sown when exposed. When the true leaves of the pumpkin are exposed, the bitter gourd is grafted for a suitable period of time.

2. Grafting adopts connection method: When grafting, planting with planting should be carried out. Immediately after the completion of the small arch cover, increase the temperature. Before the planting, the night temperature can be reduced to about 10°C for low-temperature hardening.

Colonization: Generally planted in early December. Combined with deep-sloped soil preparation, 10,000 kg of mature high-quality organic fertilizer is applied per mu, 100-150 kg of cooked cake fertilizer and 25 kg of diammonium. Planting cover mulch.

Post-planting management: 1. Temperature management: For the bitter gourd of winter and spring pods and overwintering pods, it is necessary to emphasize the closed greenhouse after planting, increase the temperature, and promote the easing of seedlings. Generally, the temperature during the sunny days can reach 30-35°C, and not less than 15-12°C during the night. After easing the seedlings, the temperature is gradually lowered to the normal temperature, that is, during the sunny day, 20-25°C, and at night about 15°C.

2. Fertilizer and Water Management: When planting, the seedlings should be poured with stable seedling water. After the autumn and winter hoeing and wintering pods are planted in the whole room, they will be planted with water along the ditch, and the saplings will be watered for 1-2 times in winter and spring. As a result, it was necessary to control the fertilizer and water before, and to promote the seedlings to grow steadily. Usually, the first time after the male flower is opened, the first time the fertilizer is recovered, and after the result, the fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the amount of fertilizer and water is gradually increased. The melon period is 3-4 days with 1 water and 7-8 days with 1 fat. Apply 15-20 kg compound fertilizer per acre. Over winter and spring and winter, the spring and summer temperatures are warmer in spring, and when large winds are released, one excrement can be flushed with water for 2-3 times, 500-800 kg per mu.

3. The introduction of the vine: The melon vine grows to about 30 centimeters, and it is necessary to insert it so that it can be introduced. Start vines can take S-shaped rise.

4. Plant adjustment: Bitter gourd is dominated by main vine guacamole. There are few side vines below 50 cm from the ground. Therefore, they must be removed in time for introduction. If the lateral branches grow too profusely and densely above the ground, they should be properly removed. In short, we must ensure the growth of the main vine in order to exert its advantage. After the main vine has reached the top of the rack, it is to be picked up. At the same time, 3-5 side vines are left in the lower part of the vine, and 1-2 guashes are added to each side. Some also took the main vines and took two strong side vines when they were about 1 meter long. When you tie the vines, you must remove tendrils and male flowers.

5. Keep flowers and fruits: The male flowers that can be opened the next day are picked on the afternoon of the first day and placed in an environment around 25°C. At 8-9 the next morning, the male flower is torn off and the flowers are gently pollinated. Usually 1 male flower is used to pollinate 3 female flowers, and do not harm female stigma when pollinating.

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