The deer antler is an unossified tender horn that grows in the forehead of a male deer. It has a variety of pharmacological effects and is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. There are many kinds of deer animals. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia only recognizes two types of deer velvet and pilus antler, and timely picking. Accepting deer antler is an important part of the production of deer farms (households) and directly affects the economic benefits of deer production. The author of this article describes the velvet technology of spotted deer and red deer. According to the specifications of the harvested antler, the harvested antler has plum blossoms on the two bars, three-pronged decapitation antler and saw-furnishing, red deer's three-pronged velvet, four-pronged velvety velvet and pan velvet. According to the use of Baoding method when harvesting antler, it can be divided into mechanical Baoding, drug Baoding (the combination of mechanical and pharmaceutical Baoding method is less practical).
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Sawwing Velvet: The stag saws and saws from the third year can be harvested 1 or 2 times a year. The person who picks two times a year for the first time is called "head velvet" for 45 to 50 days after Ching Ming. The second time around the beginning of the fall, he is called "Two shrine velvet." Pick up once a year, about in late July. When sawing, the deer was dragged off the ground with a rope, and quickly saw the velvet. The wound was filled with "Qiji San" or "Wang Zhen San", affixed with oil paper and put back into the deer. The velvet under the saw must be processed immediately. First wash off the unclean substances on the hair, and squeeze a part of the blood, tighten the cut mouth with a thread, sew it into a net shape, and put another nail on the nail, wrap the rope, and fix it on the shelf. Repeatedly boiling in boiling water 3 to 4 times, each 15 to 20 seconds, so that the velvet blood discharge, to see the mouth of the stomach foam, smell the smell of egg yolk, the whole process takes about 2 to 3 hours. Then dry it. The next day after several hot, air dry or dry. Hang on the drying rack when baking, smokeless charcoal fire at 70 ~ 80 °C is appropriate, bake about 2 to 3 hours, remove the dry and then bake, bake 2 to 3 times, until the velvet half dry, Dried and trimmed.
Cut velvet: This method is now used sparingly. It is suitable for old deer or sick deer and dead deer that grow for 6 to 10 years. The old deer is generally harvested from June to July. The deer head is cut first, and then the antler is even sawed under the skull and scraped off the residual meat and fascia. Tighten the brain, then fix the velvet antler on the shelf. The above method is repeated with boiling water. The hot time is longer than sawdust and takes about 6 to 8 hours. After the scald, the cerebral cortex was lifted, and the brain bones were boiled for one hour. The muscles were thoroughly excavated, and the brainskins were burned with boiling water to 7-8 ripeness. Dry and trim again.
First, the preparation before harvesting
1, staff preparation
Professional deer farms are generally composed of deputy chiefs responsible for production, velvet processing team captains, deer team captains, technicians, and experienced processing staff together to form an antler inspection and velvet team, to observe the growth of pilose antler in the field every day, and to evaluate the timing of harvesting antler. Be aware of what is happening in order to harvest velvet timely.
2. Equipment and articles preparation
Fields (households) that adopt the mechanical security method to harvest velvet shall conduct a complete overhaul of semi-automatic splint-type stabilizers (hanging rings) in the field so that they can be in normal working conditions. Prepare saw-sweeping saws, anesthetics, hemostatics, technical training for antler processors, and equipment for processing antler.
3, grasp the exact timing of velvet
The velvety specifications must be determined based on market demand information. At the same time, velvet yield should be taken into account. The price of the two bantam antler is high, but the output is low. Although the price of three fennel antler is lower than that of the two fins, the yield is high, so when considering velvety, consider the market demand. At the same time, we must take into consideration the growth and output of pilose antler and decide whether to receive two antler or three antlers. When a sika deer saws, it takes two twigs to receive the main antler; two saws generally receive two antlers, but if the sika deer saw can produce two banks of more than 0.5 kg in weight, two saws can be considered to receive three velvet. The male deer with three saws or more is mainly based on three antlers. Red deer generally do not accept horse lotus velvet (corresponding to the two deer sika), the main collection of three-pronged velvet, individual velvet grow well, grow strong velvet can be considered to receive four right velvet. When harvesting antler, pay attention to the velvet's mouth and velvet roots. If the mouth of the velvet is thick and plump, if it grows vigorously and the velvet root does not show the shape of the cucumber, then the antler can be considered. Mouth velvet.
Second, the deer of Baoding
The Baoding method of the deer is mainly mechanical Baoding, drug Baoding, and the combination method of the mechanical Baoding and the drug Baoding is not used in the actual harvesting of the field.
1, mechanical Baoding
The main instrument of Baoding Baoding is a semi-automatic plywood stabilizer (hanging ring). It is composed of a channel that communicates with the pens and the anchoring device. The channel has a plurality of doors and a disc-type rotary door. When the deer is inserted into the channel, it can pass. These structures push the deer to be sawed into Baoding to give Baoding. It takes nine people to complete this work.
2, drug Baoding
The method of drug Baoding is to use anesthetic drugs to anesthetize the deer, so that the deer should be in a coma and reach the goal of Baoding. There are two kinds of anesthetics commonly used in the process of drug-fixing and saw-sacking, namely, Sikelin and Miananning. . Si Kelin anesthesia Baoding. The use of skolin (chlorsuccinylcholine) began in the foreign countries in the mid-1950s. Due to the fact that the drug's effective braking dose is very close to the toxic dose, it is prone to poisoning, causing death of deer during anesthesia. Application of Scoulin anesthesia Baoding should pay attention to the following points. Before the use of drugs to estimate the deer body weight (spot deer 0.07 ~ 0.10mg/kg, red deer 0.065 ~ 0.09mg/Lg), accurately determine the dosage, the best one-time use the best dose, avoid avoiding a shortage of drugs after the additional needle, so as not to Anesthetic poisoning occurred. Stabilize the deer before you use the medicine to prevent the deer from running around, causing adverse reactions and even breaking the antler. The best drug injection site is the deer's neck and arms to promote rapid drug absorption. When the deer falls to the ground, the head should be fixed in time to prevent the velvet from being damaged, and the deer lying in the shade. When sawing velvet, it will bleed too much. Put the head of the deer up. Do not immediately saw the antler after the deer has fallen. Observe that when the deer beats fast and the blood circulation is vigorous, wait until you wake up before sawing the velvet and notice the bleeding. After deer anesthesia fell. Attention should be paid to observing changes in the tongue, eyes, and breathing to prevent poisoning from occurring. Sleeping Ning Anesthesia Baoding. Sleeping Nanning is a recently developed deer animal special effects brake economy (sika deer 1.5 ~ 2.0ml/100kg, red deer 1.2 ~ 1.5ml/100kg), anesthesia speed, while the antidote drug back to the Soviet Union Ling 3 And No. 4, currently a wide range of applications, safe and effective, but pay attention to the following points when applied: 1 with severe parenchymal organ lesions, satiety, strenuous exercise is still in the excited state is disabled. 2 When fasting conditions are applied, the head and neck of the deer should be raised to prevent the rumen contents from inhaling and inhaling the lungs. 3 When used in high temperature seasons, it is necessary to have antidote for safety protection. Under severe cold conditions, deer tolerance to the drug increases. 4 The drug is severe and it is strictly prohibited to misuse the body. 5 This drug is a chemical Baoding agent, it should be strictly managed and used by professionals, and pay attention to anti-theft and illegal committing the crime.
Third, saw velvet technology
1, sawing time
Because the entire velvet season was in midsummer, on the basis of the deer to be harvested on the first day of the evening, the former sawtooth was fed on the early morning of the next morning. At this time, the deer had an empty stomach and the environment was quiet, which facilitated the recovery of the saw-furrow deer and sawing the velvet after sawing. Processing antiseptic drying.
2, sawdust parts
After the deer in Baoding, use a special velvet saw to saw on the upper side of the pearl plate at 1.5 to 2.0 cm. The kerf plane is parallel to the pearl plate. Do not damage the corner base and cause damage to the base of the velvet root. The sawed antler is weighed and registered and sent to a processing room for processing.
3, bleeding
Commonly used hemostatic drugs: 1 Qiqi San, zinc chloride each half, mixed evenly powdered spare. 2 Qiqi San, dried with loess, and ground into powder. Hemostasis method: The hemostatic drugs were divided into uniform cloud fractions on thick paper sheets. When sawing and velvetying, the thick sheet of hand caressed the medicines and buckled the medicines evenly after applying them to the saw mouth. When the individual deer has a severe hemorrhage, the hemostatic agent can be pressed evenly at the sawing mouth, and the small plastic cloth covering the kerfs can be tied with a straw rope to stop bleeding at the corner base and the plastic cloth and the fine straw rope can be taken off within 24 hours to prevent time. It often causes keratin necrosis to lose its antler ability. After the saw-swept antler is over, the deer decoyed by the Baoding method should be released. The defensive device should be released and the deer should be released. The anesthetizing method of Dekling only allows the deer to wake up naturally. The deer decapitated by Mian Naining can only be used by Su Ling Su Chui, and it can also let him wake up naturally.
Deer antler harvesting method
There are generally two methods for harvesting velvet: two methods: saw velvet and velvet.