Species of fruit tree parasites and their control methods

Manage fruit trees such as peaches, plums, pears, and apples that are not pruned or trimmed for a long time. Commonly there is a pair of puffed mistletoe, mistletoe, miscellaneous parasitic, or densely wounded dodder; the planting density is high and the air humidity is relatively high. The orchards with high and poor drainage and poor ventilation will also grow moss and tree flowers on the trunk and large branches. Due to strong vitality, these parasites grow vigorously, and the water tree of the plundering fruit trees is highly water-retaining. After the parasitic parasites, the upper branches are dead, the lower branches are weak and the branches are weak, and the yield is reduced. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the parasites from happening. .

Parasite species

1. deciduous deciduous or evergreen shrubs, brown stems, cylindric, stoloniferous, leaves opposite, entire; flowers bisexual, perianth 4 to 6; berries, seeds spit and discharged after birds eat fruit spread. The seeds germinate on the host to produce radicles that form suckers that stick to the branches. The primary adsorbent roots are generated from the sucker and extend from the lenticels or lateral buds into the cortical tissue to form the branching pseudoroots. Then secondary roots perpendicular to the roots are generated. The roots extend into the xylem and are connected to the parasite canals to draw the water from the host. And inorganic nutrients for their own growth and development. At the same time, on the primary adsorption roots and pseudo roots, new shoots are continuously generated from adventitious buds, and stem stems are grown from adventitious buds of stems, along the host tissue, and thus continue to spread.

2. Mistletoe leaves on the leathery, leaflets are small or degenerate into only the mycoplasma; the small stems are forked branches, do not produce stolons; flowers are tiny, solitary or clustered; unisexual, dioecious, berries, The route of transmission and damage are similar to those of Sansou.

3. Cuscuta is a convolvulaceae plant, and there are more than 100 species in the world. Japan's Cuscuta is the fruit tree. Stems coarse, yellow or reddish; scaly leaves yellowish at first, later purplish red, chlorophyll free; flowers white, yellow or pink; fruit globose, 2 to 4 seeds, seeds small, no cotyledons and embryos root. When the seeds fall into the soil and germinate in the next spring, one end of the embryos first form colorless or yellow-white filamentous buds, and the stick-like rough portions are fixed on the soil particles. At the other end, a filiform filament is formed, rotates in the air, hits the host, and is wound around it. A suction cup is formed, extends into the host tissue, then forms a catheter, and is connected to the host's catheter and screen to extract the host's water and nutrient. After establishing a parasitic relationship with the host, the lower part of the land is separated from the soil and completely entangled with the host. Therefore, the masses call it a “niangniu”. Cuscuta grows quickly and has strong vigor. Broken stems can continue to grow and undergo vegetative reproduction.

4. Miscellaneous parasites include all plants that can parasitize, but there are more plants in the genus Oxytropis. Seeds that are blown into the wind or rain, or that are spit out or discharged with the feces, fall into the trunk cavern or tan The bud grows. Evergreen or deciduous, the vigor and growth potential are extremely strong. The principle of damage is similar to that of mulberry, but the damage is greater than that of mulberry.

5. The moss is adhering to the main trunk, center stem and large branch, grayish green or light brown, and the root invades the cortex to plunder the tree nutrients. In severe cases, a large number of fresh patches are linked together by one large spot, wrapping branches, affecting breathing, increasing humidity, and aggravating plaster disease and rot disease.

6. Tree flowers grow on the stems and branches of the center. They are filiform, clustered and born. They are 3 to 8 cm long and pale green. The principle and danger of damage are similar to that of moss.

Control method

1. The artificial root clearance is cleared immediately and the roots have been produced into the cortex and xylem. The chisel is used to cut into the xylem and all the roots are pulled out to prevent the re-emergence of the root buds. The branches and leaves grow into new parasites and then burn in a concentrated manner. For large root holes, grout is filled with grout to prevent water rot and promote early healing of the cortex.

2. Sprinkling stone sulphur compound on mosses and tree flowers. In late December and mid-January of midwinter, combined with clean garden disinfection, finely sprayed a 5 degree lime sulfur agent to make the tissue highly alkaline by the pesticide. Killed and destroyed.

3. Perform proper pruning. Perform winter cuts and summer cuts in time to improve ventilation and light transmission. Drain the rainy season to reduce the soil and air humidity in the garden and create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of these parasites and pests.

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