Technical advice on cotton sowing and seedling management in 2010

　

In order to effectively do a good job in cotton seeding, sowing and seedling management, to achieve a full seedling, to ensure that Miaoquan, Miaoqi, Miaoyun, Miaozhuang, to ensure a bumper harvest of cotton throughout the year, this opinion is formulated.

I. Land preparation 1. Guaranteed rumors : As the temperature rises, the soil loses its speed, and the lack of sensation is timely, so that the soil is well-founded, the mouth is good, and the upper jaw is low. For cotton fields that have been immersed in winter and have good mouth sputum, it is necessary to protect the mulch or cover the mulch film and reduce the evaporation of water. If the lyrics are not good, it is necessary to make sputum at the right time, and it can be poured through the sputum, and then cultivated and kept ready for broadcasting. Irrigation should generally be carried out 15 days before the sowing of cotton to facilitate the warming of the soil; if the water source is poor and the moisture is insufficient, the land should be leveled and planted by water bagging techniques.

2. Reasonable fertilization: It is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Master organic fertilizer (more than 0.2% nitrogen) 2500 kg / mu, urea 13-20 kg / mu, superphosphate 25-55 kg / mu. Potassium fertilizer is added to the potassium-deficient plots and high-yield cotton fields, and 5-8 kg of potassium chloride or 7-9 kg of potassium sulfate is applied per mu. Appropriate application of micro-fertilizer in the lack of trace elements or high-yield cotton fields should be based on the type of deficiency and select the corresponding micro-fertilizer (1 - 4.5 kg / mu) mixed with other fertilizers for base fertilizer application. In the case of intercropping cotton fields, it is necessary to use organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to the conditions of the previous fertilization, and appropriately increase the input of cotton fields to ensure the needs of cotton and intercropping crops.

Second, the selection of improved varieties in order to improve the quality of cotton production in our city, and the integration of the international market, should actively introduce cotton varieties to improve the structure of cotton varieties in our city. The conventional varieties of cotton varieties suitable for planting in our city are Lumianyan No.21, Lumianyan No.27, Yanmian 958, Xinqiu No.1, Xinqiu No.4, etc. The main hybrids are Lumianyan No.15 and Lu. Cotton Research No. 20, Lumian RH-1, Lumian RH-2, Xinqiu No. 2, etc.

Third, the seeds are treated with the seeds of the de-coating coating, which are neat and uniform, and have a high seed-feeding rate and a high germination rate. The coated seeds can not be soaked before sowing. Soaking seeds before sowing can easily cause the seed film to fall off and lose the coating effect. Before the sowing, the bottom must be enough. Because the coated seeds can not be soaked, the bottom must be good. During use, do not touch the skin. It is not allowed to be inhaled. The remaining seeds after sowing must be destroyed or buried underground. It is strictly forbidden to use it for other purposes.

        Fourth, scientific sowing
1. Timely sowing : timely sowing is the key to cotton seedlings. Sowing too early, cottonseed in the soil for too long and easy to rotten seeds. The late development of the seeding delayed the development process. When the 5 cm ground temperature is stable through 14 ° C, the best sowing period is entered. The city is generally on April 15-25. The suitable soil water content is 60%-70% of the field water holding capacity. The sowing date of different varieties should be properly adjusted. Generally, the mid-maturing varieties should be sown in mid-April; the mid-early-maturing varieties should be sown in the middle and late April; the early-maturing varieties should be sown on May 5-8. In this range, the sowing date is subject to weather changes and sensation, and is generally chosen to be warm-headed. Seedling transplanting cotton field, spring cotton is generally planted under the seedbed in early April, transplanted at the end of April and early May, summer cotton is planted at the end of April and early May, and transplanted at the end of May and early June.

2, suitable for sowing : appropriate amount of sowing is an important part of the preservation of seedlings, breeding seedlings. Cotton farmers should use semi-precision and precision sowing as much as possible, and the seeding rate can be controlled at 1-1.5 kg/mu. There are 3 to 5 seeds in each hole of the hole, and the amount is 1 to 1.5 kg/mu. The insect-resistant hybrid cotton seed has high price and low seed consumption, and advocates the use of nutrient seedling transplanting technology and precision seeding technology.

3, the appropriate depth : the seed coat of the depiled cotton is relatively thin, the sowing should not be too deep, generally suitable for the film cotton field can be deep in 3 cm, land broadcast 3-5 cm. Difficult to emerge too deep, forming weak seedlings; too shallow and easy to fall or shell unearthed.

V. Seeding method 1. Covering cultivation of plastic film : Loess, clay, saline-alkali soil and wheat-cotton sleeves with good soil moisture should be cultivated with plastic film. The double-row coverage technique is generally adopted after the first seeding. Choose a film of 90-100 cm, take a small ridge of 10-15 cm, then sow, spray the herbicide to cover the mulch, and press the lid tightly, preferably press a pile of soil on the membrane every 5-7 cm. Sowing and planting first, and then planting by hole spacing. First, the cotton covered with the film will be sown after the cotyledons are unfolded. When the color turns green, the seedlings should be punched in time. Two holes are released from each hole. The seedling holes should be small. After the seedlings are placed, the plants should be blocked. The seedlings should be placed at 10 am. Before proceeding. When the first cover film is punched, it is necessary to pay attention to the rain water filling hole, and loosen the soil in time. In addition, every 8-10 lines should be broadcasted to prepare a seedling for use. After spraying the herbicide on the cover film first, the dosage should be scientifically determined according to the introduction of the drug, the soil temperature and the actual area of ​​spraying.

2, nutrition, seedling transplanting: to choose the leeward sunny land to build a seedbed, bed soil should be fertile, try to do high bed, prevent rain and water, affect cotton seedling growth. Each mu of cotton field needs to build a seedbed of 25 square meters, and can put about 5,000 nutrient. The nutrient meal consists of two-thirds of the topsoil, one-third of the mature organic fertilizer, and a part of the fertilizer. It can be used to plant one mu of seedbed, use 5-6 kg of superphosphate, 0.5-1 kg of urea fertilizer, 4-5 kg ​​of grass ash, mix topsoil, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and then adjust the water content with manure or water to 55. 60% of the wet soil began to snoring. Nutritional sputum is 10 cm high and 6-8 cm in diameter. It is suitable for vertical placement and closeness. Plastic or paper pulp, nutrient block seedlings can also be used.

If the seedlings are transplanted with nutrient seedlings, the seedling bed should be sprayed (poured) and permeable before sowing, so that it is better to use the wooden sign to pierce the carcass. Choose cotton seed with de-coating, one or two capsules; sow the insect-resistant hybrid cotton to reduce the cost, one by one. After sowing and nutrient sputum sweating, evenly cover the fine soil 2-3 cm thick, then use the new film flat arch cover film, press the surrounding area, cover the seedbed, keep warm and cold, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After the cotton seedlings are basically out, the film is to be refining the seedlings. The high temperature weather reveals the two ends of the seedbed. It is ventilated and ventilated to prevent high temperature burning. If it is rainy weather, it should be tightly sealed and pressed around to prevent wind and rain and damage cotton seedlings. The two cotyledons are flattened and all turn to green. After a real leaf, on the sunny day, from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, the two films of the seedbed are uncovered for one-third of the seedlings. The rainy days and windy days are not suitable for uncovering the film. On April 25th, after the cotton seedlings have two true leaves, they can all be uncovered, in order to strive to cultivate large, healthy and strong seedlings early. In order to prevent the production of high seedlings, an appropriate amount of 50-100 ppm of ketamine can be sprayed.

3. Water-type bag: A drought-resistant seeding method using a water bag in a dry land. The specific method is that the ditch depth is 3 - 3.5 cm, the watering amount is 0.8 - 1 cubic meter / mu, and then the soil is ridged, the height of the ridge center is 5-6 cm higher than the ground plane, and when the cotton seed germinated more than 60%, the embryo Under the roots, the cotton seed is broken when it is topped up. Should be leveled once (refer to the seeding ditch and the ground level).

4. Open field broadcast : If the sandy loam soil and soil fertility are poor, land-based live broadcast technology may be adopted as appropriate. The broadcast and hole-casting may be determined according to local conditions.

Sixth, cotton field set
In order to alleviate the contradiction between cotton and other crops, and increase the land yield rate, on the basis of ensuring grain land, we should focus on promoting cultivation techniques such as cotton field intercropping, making full use of land resources and climate resources, increasing the multiple cropping index, and increasing the economy. benefit. There are many varieties of cotton field intercropping, and there are many models of cotton-wheat, cotton-potato, cotton-onion, cotton-garlic, cotton-watermelon.

Seven, post-pocket inspection and supporting remedial measures
After the broadcast, it is necessary to check in time and find out the problem in time. When each line is less than 5-8 seeds per meter, it should be turned over as soon as possible. For mid-maturing varieties, the time for cultivating should not be later than May 5; when the seeds are dried, if the following is a wet soil, the method of suppressing the sputum can be used. If the seeds are dry soil above and below, you can pour the head water, the amount of water is limited to the water seepage around the seeds, should not be too large. After watering, the ridges should be broken at the right time (such as water bag); after the broadcast of the open field cotton field, it should be rained, and the hard shell should be loosened in time. In case of heavy rain or heavy rain, it should be planned in time after the sunny day.

Eight, seedling management measures 1, check for missing traps : When the lack of seedlings around 30%, should be transplanted as soon as possible. For cotton seedlings that do not have true leaves, seedlings with a seedling age of less than 7 days can be transplanted. Seedlings with true leaves should be transplanted with soil. The soil should be larger, not loose, and less watering after planting; saline-alkali land , wheat cotton, lack of seedlings in order to maintain density can be double seedlings.

2, cultivate strong seedlings : strong cotton seedlings appearance: when the cotyledons are flat, the leaves are bright, positive, no disease spots, the seedling width is greater than the height of the seedlings, the seedling width is 4-6 cm, the height of the seedlings is high (ground to top) 3 5 cm. After the emergence of true leaves in cotton seedlings, the seedling width is still larger than the height of the seedlings, and the top of the heart is sunken, and there is a clear positive. The seedling height of the cotton seedlings is 10-12 cm, and the seedling height of the five-leaf stage is 15-18 cm. According to the appearance of the cotton seedlings, measures should be taken for the thin and weak plots in a timely manner. When the cotton seedlings are now 1-2 true leaves, a foliar spray is applied with the nutrient-type plant growth promoter to promote robust growth. At the same time, it is necessary to diligently cultivate and promote the roots.

3, prevention and control of pests and diseases : cotton seedling disease mainly has blight, anthracnose, red rot, cotton brown leaf spot, cotton ring disease, cotton black spot disease, etc., the main measures for agricultural control are the use of depilation Cotton seedlings resistant to disease; early seedlings, promoted seedlings, diligently ploughing, and promoted roots and strong seedlings. In case of rain, timely drainage, timely ploughing after the rain, breaking the soil compaction, surrounding the loose soil, scattered and dry roots. Apply more organic fertilizer to cotton fields and pay attention to the rational use of potash. After the cotton seedlings are unearthed, if the disease is severe in low-temperature and rainy leaves, 40% carbendazim or 65% sensible zinc WP 500-800 times solution can be used for foliar spray control, and 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture can also be used. Or 1 "401" medicine, spray 1-2 times. Pests are mainly ground tigers, red spiders, and cotton aphids. It is necessary to carry out forecasting and prevention in a timely manner. It is strictly prohibited to use five kinds of highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos in production to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. It is necessary to remove the weeds in time and improve the lighting conditions of the cotton plants.