The storage and preservation of citrus fruits is an artificial technical measure to delay the aging of the fruit after harvesting or the mature fruit of the hanging tree, and to maintain its inherent quality as much as possible, so as to achieve the tangled fruit season and the annual supply. Means. First, the mantle storage The storage of sweet orange in the mantle is a commonly used storage method for fruit farmers in Nanchong, Sichuan Province. The method is simple and the cost is low. The storage of mantle should not be concentrated in large-scale development, mainly based on the dispersion of fruit farmers. Second, ventilation storage The ventilation library is also called the normal temperature library or the natural ventilation library. It can be built specially, or it can be improved by using a house or cave with a suitable structure. The ventilation storage mainly utilizes the difference between day and night temperature difference and the temperature between the top of the reservoir and the bottom of the reservoir. By adjusting the temperature and humidity of the reservoir, the temperature of the reservoir is kept low and stable. Ventilation storage is the most common storage place in China. It can store all kinds of citrus fruits, and the place of production and sales are applicable. Third, underground storage The underground warehouse can store all kinds of citrus fruits. It has the advantages of mantle and ground ventilation storage: cold in winter and cool in summer, stable in storage temperature, low gas flow rate, low carbon dioxide concentration, small weight loss, less dryness, good flavor, fresh and full appearance, large storage capacity, good effect, management Convenient and low cost. The underground storage can use the ventilation equipment to introduce the natural cold air outside the warehouse; after the spring, when the outdoor temperature rises, the underground reservoir will accumulate a large amount of cold air due to the surrounding deep soil layer, so that the reservoir temperature will remain low and stable. Fourth, cold air storage storage Cold air storage can store all kinds of citrus fruits. Its storage is different from normal temperature storage. The warehouse needs to have insulation and refrigeration equipment. It is necessary to manually adjust the temperature requirements according to the storage citrus varieties, so that the temperature inside the storage is suitable for long-term storage of the fruit. The construction of the cold air storage is large and the process is complicated. Currently limited to citrus fruit storage in large and medium cities. However, it is also suitable for local conditions. Because it is simple, it uses a small amount of ventilation, underground storage and air-raid shelters, and is equipped with refrigeration equipment to become a simple cold storage.
The mantle should store the following essentials:
1 Selection: Whether you are building indoors or outdoors, you must choose a place with high terrain, low groundwater level, and a solid and dry soil. Usually, it takes a long time (such as half a year) to store the sweet orange. It is advisable to choose an indoor building and an optional outdoor building for storage in a short time (2-3 months).
2 Construction: The shape of the triangle is the most common.
3 Preparation before fruit introduction:
a, repair the bottom. If it is old, it should be repaired and replaced at the month before the entrance, and the topsoil contaminated by the bacteria will be removed. Method can be scraped off with a small shovel along the base and bottom of the wall
b, irrigation. In order to maintain a high humidity in the sputum, before entering the sputum, the water should be irrigated according to the dry and wet conditions of the sputum.
c. Disinfection. The cellar is different from the warehouse, not only to be sterilized, but also to kill insects. Generally, in the first half of the first half of the sputum, sneeze with 200 times liquid of Dimethoate, seal it, and kill the pests in the sputum; then use 1:1:100 Bordeaux sneeze or 0.1% carbendazim spray to seal Sterilization, if the cellar with the brown rot of the plague is found, it can be sneeze with 1% copper sulfate solution during disinfection.
4 Selection of sorghum fruit: 窖 Tibetan fruit should be harvested at the right time. It is best to harvest sweet orange in mid-November. It is too early, the quality is poor, too late, although the quality is good, but the rate of decay is high. The fruits of the storage should be strictly controlled to the quality of the harvest, so that it can be handled lightly and without injury. The damaged fruit stagnation is more serious.
5 Fruit intake: The fruits stored in the oysters must be carefully selected and treated with 2,4-D plus fungicide, and dried in a cool, ventilated place. Count the fruits before entering the sputum. Usually, a bottom diameter is about
6 Management after entering the country: After the fruit is entered, there must be someone to manage it. In the initial stage of the entrance, it should be checked in time to remove the damaged fruit to reduce the decaying fruit during storage. After every 10-15 days, the fruit will be turned over every 10-15 days. Before each smashing, the open flame (such as oil lamp) must be used to test the concentration of carbon dioxide in the sputum. If the oil lamp is extinguished, it means that there is more carbon dioxide in the sputum. At this time, people can't squat immediately. Apply a fan to the sputum to remove the carbon dioxide, until the oil lamp ignites normally, or it will suffocate. From the beginning of the mouth, the inspection will be carried out one by one, and the fruits that are not durable for storage, such as brown spotted fruit, mildew fruit, oily undergrowth fruit, and foamed fruit, should be taken out in time. When picking the fruit, pay attention to the good fruit in one hand and the fruit in the first place to reduce the mutual spread of the bacteria. If the diseased brown rot disease fruit (steam fruit) is found, it is necessary to pick out the good fruit that is in contact with the diseased fruit at the same time as the fruit is removed to control the spread of the disease.
1 The library should be selected according to the temperature of the winter. Where the winter is warm, the focus of storage fruit management is to reduce the temperature inside the storehouse. Therefore, the storehouse should extend to the east-west direction, and the hillside forests cover the sun in the south, and the northward open space is suitable.
Winter temperature is at
The warehouse requires good insulation and ventilation. In order to adjust the temperature inside the library, make it as small as possible (preferably the daily variation is less than 0.5)
The ventilation storehouse should be built in a convenient place with wide open areas, dry terrain and no irritating smell factory (mine) nearby. The size of the library depends on the amount of fruit stored, but should not be too wide to 7
Treasury structure. Using double-walled brick walls, the total thickness of the wall
2 Fruit storage fruit storage 2-3 weeks before storage, the warehouse should be disinfected, commonly used sulfur fumigation. Sulfur powder usage in cubic meters per cubic meter
There are two forms of fruit storage in the storage: storage or storage.
* Heap storage: Available fruit boxes or preserves, the fruit should not be too full, it is appropriate to pack 90%, otherwise the fruit will be crushed. When stacking, whether it is a fruit box or a fruit, the finished glyphs are piled up. The lowest layer applies wood or brick
* Shelf storage: Install bamboo frame, iron frame and cement frame in the warehouse. The width of the frame is suitable for the relative operation of two people, the number of layers is variable, but the highest layer is at least from the ceiling.
3 The change of temperature and humidity in the management and control warehouse after fruit storage is an important part of the management of the warehouse. After the fruit is put into storage, you should grab both ends and manage the middle.
*In the initial stage of storage (1-2 weeks after storage): The management of the warehouse should be based on cooling and dehumidification. In addition to rain and fog, all ventilation windows will be opened day and night, and the storage room with exhaust fans will be opened at night to enhance ventilation. The temperature and humidity in the library dropped rapidly. Temperature is best controlled
*In the middle of storage: usually refers to the period from December to the next Spring Festival. The warehouse needs only proper ventilation, for example, in areas where the temperature is below zero in winter, the warehouse needs to take cold protection measures to prevent the fruit from being frozen.
* Late storage: Treasury management is mainly to cool down, and keep the storage temperature as stable as possible. Through the night window ventilation, the exhaust fan warehouse opens the exhaust fan at the same time, strengthens the ventilation, and makes full use of the cold air at night to reduce the temperature of the warehouse. Close the doors and windows and the exhaust window before sunrise to prevent external hot air from entering the warehouse. If the humidity in the warehouse is too low, ground water can be used to increase the humidity in the warehouse. The rot, anthrax and dry water are prone to occur in the later stages of fruit storage and should be noted. The dry stalk is a precursor to the rot; the dry stalk is easily converted into anthrax; the thick rind is easy to dry. Therefore, in the later stage of storage, it is necessary to dilute the fruit, and timely take out dried hazelnuts, dried kiwi fruit and thick skin fruit for sale to reduce fruit loss.
When the citrus fruit is stored and kept fresh, the warehouse should be cleaned in time, and the fruit box, preserved fruit and film should be cleaned and disinfected, and stored in the sun after exposure.
1 Site selection and construction of the reservoir site must be selected with high terrain, thick soil, solid soil and good water retention. The top of the library must have
Method of building a library: first fill the soil on the outside of the arched ceiling and squash it to the top of the vault, then lay it
2 The management of the fruit after storage is similar to that of the ventilation library. The difference is that the underground storage has the characteristics of warm winter and cool summer. Therefore, the temperature of the storage is higher than the temperature outside the storage. Therefore, before the storage, the doors and windows of the warehouse should be opened first, and the library should be open for 1-3 days. Store in the warehouse when it is close to the temperature outside the library. Otherwise, the fruit is affected by the higher storage temperature, which will increase the respiration and reduce the storability of the fruit. In addition, the underground reservoir generally has a relatively high humidity, and the fruit is prone to dry water, especially wide-skin citrus. Therefore, the storage of oranges in the underground storage should be pre-stored for 2-3 days in a cool and ventilated place, and the rind should be stored in the warehouse after a slight wilting. To inhibit or reduce the dry water of stored fruits.