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Pot and Fruit Tree Fertilizer Management Technology
The management of open and cultivated fruit tree fertilizers and water is gradually relocated along with the expansion of the tree crown, and the nutrients are absorbed by the hair roots to meet the demand of the tree body. While potted fruit trees are subject to container restrictions, fertilizer and water management is limited to a very small extent, and the crown is beyond the container, especially the quantity of pots and soils and nutrients contained in the canopy, must be remedied by continuous fertilization and watering. Several practices of fertilizer and water management are described below for reference. First, fertilization technology: 1, the use of basal fertilizer: can be used in the planting and pouring process, the choice of organic matter rich in loose texture of loam 20 and 2 copies of manure and livestock manure or human waste mixed by accumulation of fermentation It can be used directly as potted soil, and no other fertilizer can be applied before flowering. 2. Fertilization by soil: 5cm away from the rhizome, use a spatula to remove pots outside the basin. The depth is appropriate for the naked root system, and then the fertilizer is evenly sprinkled into the basin (for manure and cake fertilizer). The amount of fertilizer is flexibly controlled according to the quality of the fertilizer. Then covered with potting soil, the amount of backfill soil still maintain the original basin surface conditions. 3, drilling and fertilization: apply to the diluted inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Practice, with 2cm thick round sticks, the front end cut into a round prism shape, 5cm away from the rhizome, there are regular drilling, hole spacing in the 5-8cm, shallow deep depth in the depth, basin along the inner side can be deep around The pelvic floor is suitable for not damaging the root system, and then the fertilizer diluent is injected into the hole and covered with soil. 4. "Rice" guttering fertilization: The method is roughly the same as radial, first from 5cm outside the rhizome, digging about 5cm wide from the inside to the outside of the pot along the inner edge of the basin, the depth is not exposed root system, 8 gutters Symmetrical and uniform distribution in the pot, was "rice" shaped, and then put the fertilizer into the groove evenly applied to cover the soil. In order to prevent overlapping of the next fertilization site, one site can be selected to insert a mark, digging the ditch in different locations, to achieve even distribution of the whole basin. If "10" shape fertilization is applied, the depth of the groove is 8-10cm. 5, circumferential fertilization: You can dig trenches along the basin wall inwards, groove width of about 5-6cm, the depth is not to hurt the root is appropriate, the fertilizer is evenly applied into the circular groove, covering the soil. The above fertilization method has the advantages of potting and soil compaction, near-concentration of the fertilizer distribution from the root system, fast fertilizer effect, long fertilizer effect period, and the fact that the nutrition is not easily volatilized, and also can solve the problem of odor polluting the air after deep application, and can promote the organic matter in the basin soil. Increased effect. 6, pouring fertilizer: the livestock and poultry fertilizer (including human excreta), soybean meal and soybeans, grass ash, bauxite, etc., soaked in maturity, diluted with its sap and inorganic fertilizer water, directly poured on the surface of the basin soil, any Its natural penetration. The disadvantages are as follows: the lower part of the pen-soil often cannot infiltrate enough fertilizer, and after continuous irrigation, the upper layer tends to produce rot-root phenomenon, and the other is also easy to occur, resulting in the death of root suffocation. The development of the tree. In addition, the fertilizer is volatile and pollutes the air environment. 7, root spray fertilizer: also known as foliar fertilizer. It can be used during the 30-day growth period before fruit harvest. The main fertilizers and dilutions are: 0.2% urea, diamine; 3%-5% calcium superphosphate suspension; 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.2% borax, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, etc. The manure excrement in organic manure can be formulated into a 100-fold solution after soaking and fermentation. Various elements can be used interchangeably and continuously. In the fertilizing process, avoid over-concentration of the fertile mass, mix it evenly with the soil, and prevent direct contact of the fertilizer with the root system so as not to burn the roots. When fertilizing, it is also necessary to pay attention to infrequent application and prevent overdose. Generally, each fertilizer is applied to each plant. The organic or inorganic pure stock solution and substance shall not exceed 50-100 g, and the interval between fertilization is 10-15 days. Second, watering technology 1, in addition to effective rainfall, every day must ensure that pouring water once. Watering time should be performed in the morning and early evening to avoid high temperature water at noon. 2, after fertilization should be irrigated with water, can play a dissolved synergistic osmotic fertilizer, and can reduce the burning of the roots of fertilizer damage. 3, water quality should be clean, avoid using acid, alkali and greasy sewage irrigation. The water temperature should be suitable, it is best to use sun-heated water, especially in the summer, do not use deep wells and low-temperature water directly poured, reduce the soil temperature and affect the root development. Rain and snow water is the best irrigation water and can be used as a backup. 4, watering methods to spray, shower method is the best, flowering in case of dry weather, should pay attention to the dry humidity of flowers, flowering flower buds, can be sprayed with water to improve the pollination effect. (The addition of 0.2% borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is more effective). In addition to paying attention to the basin soil moisture, the water is sprayed twice a day to supplement the leaf surface evaporation. Especially summer is extremely important. 5, the rational choice of containers, in addition to the container can not be too small, it is best to use absorbent, better water retention clay pots and strict wood products. The use of iron, plastics, glaze pots, pots, etc. should be selected not less than the diameter of 30cm large pots, bowl soil filled with good water retention. The pelvic floor drainage holes are preferably made of absorbent cotton and plastic foam blocks, which can reduce the rapid loss of water. 6. The surface of the basin soil can be covered with tender vegetable leaves (foliage, grass, etc.), and small and fast-growing vegetables can also be planted (multi-seed can be eaten raw) such as lettuce, cabbage and rape, etc., not only to maintain moisture Function, but the same fruit and vegetables, also have ornamental value and food value. In the hot summer months, the pots should be temporarily shielded from the hot sun and reduce the evaporation of water. 7. The use of water should be reduced during the first 15 days of maturity. Keep the soil dry. 8. Before thawing, it is necessary to pour water once, and observe the flooding regularly to supplement irrigation in time. It is better to use snow culture.