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Plastic film mulching watermelon cultivation technology
Guzhen County perennially grows about 150,000 mu of watermelon, and the film-mulching watermelon is one of the better economical planting modes in the county. Generally, the yield per mu is 2500-4000 kg, the seed cotton is 250-300 kg, and the total output value is more than 2,000 yuan. Reasonable collocation of plant spacing, timely transplanting or live ridge width of 2 meters, planting a row of melons, early selection of medium-maturing varieties, plant spacing of 0.6 meters, 500 per acre; mid-maturing grafted watermelon (having asexual hybrid superiority and stronger characteristics) Plant spacing 0.8 meters, 400 per mu. Cotton varieties are suitable for mid-maturing varieties with resistance to insects and strong late-crysis resistance, such as 9901. They are planted on both sides of the watermelon line, and the melon and cotton are separated by 0.35 meters. The small line is 0.7 meters, the big line is 1.3 meters and the spacing is 0.33 meters. 2,000 plants per mu. The use of a 1.2 to 1.4 m wide mulch on the mulching film has a better effect on cotton. Cotton was nursed at the end of March to April 5, and membrane water was transplanted at the beginning of April and early May. Live on April 15 or so. Before transplanting the watermelon, first sowing the cover film, each hole 3 to 4, with a submerged species, covering the thickness of 3 to 4 cm, to pay attention to cotton seedlings unearthed in a timely manner after the rupture of the film to prevent soiling; watermelon after transplanting, For example, membrane-breaking with water on demand, or lateral film on-demand, but the sowing date is postponed to April 15 after the more stable (broken on-demand film or sowing temperature increase). Fertilization by stages to meet the requirement of fertilization for melon and cotton production 1. Base fertilizer is deep; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are dominant, and nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented, and dosage per acre: Guzhen cotton and linen company's latest compound fertilizer 50kg, urea 15kg, Combining with uniform spreading in early spring before tilling, such as 1.5 to 2,000 kilograms of soil-fertilizer, the effect is better. It is strictly forbidden that too much available nitrogen is available in the early stage, resulting in a long period of influence on the growth of watermelons and cotton. 2. Cotton bud fertilizer: The demand for fertilizer after flowering of cotton is gradually increased. Before the flower is seen in the cotton field, 25 kg of special fertilizer for cotton and 5 kg of urea are mixed and used to make up for the shortage of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the middle and later stages to prevent premature aging of cotton. Reduce production; fertilization methods use wooden sticks to open eyes, or open deep into the adjacent cotton plants. 3, watermelon expansion of melon fertilizer: watermelon sitting before ripening, is the peak period of fat, accounting for more than 70% of the total. When watermelons are sitting on the melons, the size of the duck eggs can be topped with 10-15 kilograms of urea, which is beneficial to the enlargement of watermelons and the increase of yield. The fertilization method can be applied either by hole chase or by liquid fertiliser applicator. 4, cotton flower bell fertilizer: in mid-July, after the end of watermelon harvest, combined with stubble soil, acres of urea 10 to 20 kilograms, promote cotton growth and development, take advantage of high yield rack. Increase the bell strength in the middle and late period. Fertilization methods: flooding and spreading, spreading trenches, combined with irrigation can be applied. Into the early August if the phenomenon of premature aging of cotton in time to make up for cover top fertilizer, usually urea urea 7.5 to 10 kg. Other management of watermelon 1. To spread vines and vines: About 500 medium and early maturing varieties per mu plant, three vine pruning methods should be adopted: that is, to keep the main vines and the basal robust two side vines; per mu 350 to 400 plants grafted watermelon It is better to use multi-vine pruning method: that is, to keep the main vines and three robust side vines, remove all the excess vines, and remove guava vines 3-4 times to evenly distribute the melons. Prosperous, conducive to sitting melon and cotton growth; 2, artificial pollination: positioning and setting fruit: watermelon is dichoenous, rely on insect pollination, insects for flowers. Transplanting mulching watermelon early growth period; low flowering temperature, insects, insect pollination alone rely on a lower rate, the implementation of artificially assisted pollination; can increase fruit set rate of more than 80%. Pollination time is 6-8 in the morning and cloudy days can be postponed to 10 o'clock. The pollination method is very simple: take a male flower to remove the petals: open the pollen and gently apply it on the stigma of the female flower. A male flower can grant two female flowers. Positioning and fruit setting is to position the watermelon sitting on the second female flower of the main vine or the first female flower of the side vine. In principle, one watermelon and one watermelon are required to achieve consistent ripening of the watermelon and timely harvesting; In the late growth and development. Other management of cotton: 1, fine pruning: cotton seventy-eight true leaves start budding, it is necessary to promptly go to the leaves two times, the growth of prosperous cotton fields, often to remove axillary buds, reduce nutrient consumption, July 20 to 25 Day hit the cotton top, on August 20 to remove all the side of the fruit branch, hidden cotton fields, promptly knocked down the old leaves, cut off the empty fruit branches, in order to facilitate air ventilation, reduce the bad bell. 2, timely pest control: insect-resistant cotton is not insectless cotton, although the cotton bollworm, red bollworm, etc. have been controlled, but the ground tiger, cotton aphid, cotton aphid, spider mites, etc. still need to control, especially in the past two years, cotton fields The number of times reduced by 2/3, coupled with climatic factors, the occurrence of cotton-blind crickets was heavy, and the young buds were heavily shedding, which had a great impact on cotton; individual cotton fields reduced production by 4 to 60%. Therefore, we must pay close attention to the local cotton station to publish the pest locust report and report it in time. Prevention and control, at the same time, we must learn to identify the characteristics and habits of various types of pests, investigate the effects of prevention and control, and be absolutely foolproof. 3, control from light: Melon cotton affected by the early stage of watermelon, cotton plants grow slowly, combined with line width, thin lines, light control; generally two times: early flowering acres spray dartamine 1 gram of water 15 Kilograms, the main role of deployment of nutrients, cotton 5 to 7 days after topping, such as rain more than one year, acres of spray amine 2.5 to 3 grams, watered 20 to 25 kg; inhibition of prosperous, increase the rate of ringing. Guzhen County Cotton and Cotton Co., Ltd. Cotton Research Institute Li Duanheng