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Rice cultivation techniques
First, the meaning of rice simplification cultivation techniques Rice simplification cultivation technology is a big issue, but also a new topic. Simply stated, the rice simplification cultivation technique refers to a technology that simplifies rice processing and reduces the labor intensity of rice cultivation. The research on rice simplification cultivation techniques has not been long, and so far no systematic supporting technical system has been formed. It is not easy to convince this major issue. Here, we can only mention the simplified cultivation techniques that have been involved in the current production. Second, the rice simplification of the cultivation of the relevant technology (A) strong hoe agent in simplifying the use of dry seedling technology in the dry seedling seedlings of good quality, can play a role in replacing the two paragraphs, simplifying the role of technology, but the bedrock Disinfection, acid adjustment and fertilization are cumbersome procedures and cause some resistance to promotion. Can dry seedlings be simplified? 1. The rice bran-strength agent and its effect on the dry-raising seedlings The bran-strengthening agent is a new type of rice seedling bed soil that is based on the physiological, ecological characteristics and soil physiochemical properties of rice seedlings, including disinfectant, chemical control agent and nutrient. Conditioner. Disinfectants are based on the characteristics of pathogens and pathogenicity of damping-off, application of disinfection and bactericidal agents to control and eliminate soil pathogens, play a role in disease prevention. The chemical control agent is mainly a plant growth regulator. After being applied to the soil, it is inhaled through the roots to improve the cold resistance of the seedlings and promote the growth of the roots, and controls the growth of the shoots to play a dwarfing effect. The nutrient is based on the requirement of fertilizer at the seedling stage, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and ga, mg, s, fe, zn, si and other trace elements are reasonably proportioned to meet the nutrient requirements of rice seedlings. The acidifying agent is for the acidity and acidophilic characteristics of rice seedlings at the seedling stage. It is applied in the soil to reduce the pH value of the bed soil and maintain it for a period of time, thus playing the dual role of bacteriostasis and activation of soil nutrients. The use of rice bran-strengthening agent can simplify the complex operation procedures such as acid adjustment, disinfection, fertilization and chemical control of paddy rice seedlings, and can effectively overcome the phytotoxicity, fertilizer damage, disease, and improper use of concentrated sulphuric acid caused by the technological “off-samplesâ€. The accidental injury, and the strong effect of strong, significant effect of increasing production. 2. Methods for the use of rice bran-strength agents Currently, the strength-enhancing agents used in production include ordinary (2.5kg bags) and concentrated (1.5kg bags), and they can be applied to dry seedlings, wet seedlings, plastic floppy disks, etc. A variety of nursery forms, Hubei Province, the application of the situation in the past two years, the results are good. (1) Application methods for dry seedlings and wet seedlings: Based on the winter seedlings of the seedling bed and the bed for cultivating tillage, use the common type of strength agent for each bag (2.5kg) to add 12.5kg of dry land for screening. Or concentrated Zanthoxylum maximum per bag (1.5kg) plus sieved dry soil 18.5kg, fully mixed evenly, and evenly spread on the surface of 20 square meters of bed soil, use rake to turn into the topsoil layer of 2-3cm Repeatedly and evenly, then sow the bottom water to sow. Cover the seeds with a loam without fertilizer. Post-management management is similar to that of dry education. (2) Application method for throwing squat floppy seedlings: Add 210 kg of common soil with 2.5 kg of common strong-strength agent per bag (2.5 kg), or add 270 kg of disc soil with a concentrated strength agent (1.5 kg per bag). After evenly mixing, prepare a nutritious soil and put it into 150 plates. After sowing, place it on a bed that has been fertilized, separated, and poured into bottom water. After covering the seeds with fertilizer, no fertilizer is added. Compaction, pouring enough water. Or put compaction first, then pour enough water on the floppy disk, then sow and cover the seeds. 3. Problems that should be paid attention to when using Zanthoxylum bungeanum (1) No matter what breeding method is used to raise the seedlings with Zanthoxylum Bungeum, we must not use Zhuang Zong Tiao agent with nutritious soil as cover soil to avoid affecting germination and emergence. (2) Mixing must be uniform so as to avoid phytotoxicity. (3) The strong agent is suitable for ph (4) The strong agent does not contain herbicide, and weeding should be treated separately. (5) Under the condition of cultivating large seedlings, if there is defertilization at a later stage, it depends on the amount of fertilizer supplemented by seedlings to ensure normal growth of seedlings. (6) When blight or bacterial wilt occurs on the seedbed, applying 50g of strong stimulant per square meter can play a preventive and therapeutic role. (7) The use of strong scorpion agent on late rice seedlings should be appropriately reduced. (II) Rice throwing cultivation techniques 1. The advantages of rice throwing and the reasons for increasing production Rice throwing has the advantage of “one reduction of four provinces and two increasesâ€, that is to reduce the labor intensity, save labor, save the land, province, province Water, increase production, increase income. The reason rice seedlings can increase yield: 1 cultivates strong seedlings; 2 seedlings do not hurt roots, bring soil into the mud, return to green; 3 shallow into the mud, is conducive to the occurrence and growth of low birthing, fast delivery, easy to put up High yield shelf. 2, seedling seedlings thrown seedlings standard cast seedlings can not be too large, and the seedlings of the floppy disk nursery seedlings in the nutrition space is limited, more difficult to attack more than unrealistic, and thrown into the field, into the mud shallow, blue Fast, therefore, the cultivation strategy should be changed in the past and the main attack on Putian childbirth is mainly for childbirth in Daejeon. The criteria for strong seedlings should be measured in terms of whether they are balanced (the number of seedlings per hole is the same, the growth size is the same), short and strong, and strong outbreaks. 3, how to raise a good floppy dry nursery (1) choose a good model, determine the amount of a good tray. 561 holes were used for early rice and 434 holes were used for middle and late rice. The number of dumping plates can be estimated based on the number of holes per square meter planned for planting, the number of holes per hole in the field, and considering the seedling rate, the actual number of spare plates should be 10-15% more. (2) Choose a good seedbed and prepare the soil. The seedbed is the place where the seedlings are planted, which has a direct impact on the success or failure of the seedlings and the quality of the seedlings. The requirements are the same as for the nursery beds. Before fertilizing, fertilize, plough, and separate compartments. Disc soil, including cover seed soil, is a nutrient soil directly for the growth of seedlings. It requires loose texture, complete nutrients, breathable ventilation, and good agglomerate retention. The soil shall be sifted through the sieve, and shall be sufficient for 2. 5 kg per dish. It is best to fertilize the soil with a strong agent (as described in the previous section). (3) Seriously put the plate, fine sowing. The day before the plate was placed, the bed should be filled with water. Two-thirds of the depth of the hole in the smash hole is filled with nutrient soil with a strong scorpion agent, placed on a bed in a row, and sown (or put it in order). Seeds should be germinated, broken chest exposed white, general hybrid rice sowing 1-2 per hole, conventional rice sowing 4-5 per hole, and then covered with nutrient soil, remove excess nutrient soil. The seedlings of good seedlings should be pressed into the soil of the boring bed with wood, etc. to prevent them from hanging, resulting in dead birds. (4) Strengthen management and nurture strong seedlings. Its management method is the same as the management of dry nursery seedlings. 4, how to cast a good and good control throwing cultivation field (1) to throw quality control. To determine the density of good throwing, early rice and late rice are generally 2-2.5 million points and medium rice is 1.5-1.8 million points. The throwing Datian should be mudfilled by Tian Ping. When throwing, the wind should be thrown high and the field should be set with discs. Late rice throwing time should be after 4 pm. (2) Do a good job of chemical weeding. Casting fields are generally chemically weeded after 5 days. (3) Manage water and fertilizers, promote living and low births. Within 2-3 days after throwing away, management should be moistened to promote hair roots and prevent water flooding; during the tillering period, shallow water management should be the main factor, and the occurrence and growth of low births should be promoted. (4) timely field, control of invalid childbirth. Transplanting glutinous rice with low tiller, fast tillering, effective tilling termination period 5-7 days earlier than conventional cultivation, 7-10 days ahead of the sun, and appropriate re-sun. (5) Prevent lodging. Causes of throwing rice thrown: 1 throwing density is too large; 2 throwing planting is too long; 3 field control is not good. Therefore, relevant links should be properly targeted, with special emphasis on potash fertilizer and sheath blight resistance. (3) Live-rice cultivation techniques for high-yielding rice The direct seeding cultivation of rice has reduced the number of nursery transplants and other links, but it is difficult to master high-yield techniques because of poor technology. 1, the characteristics of direct seed rice (1) early delivery and low node. Seedlings grow on the surface of the soil, and the tillers are all exposed on the topsoil. In addition, the single plant has a large amount of nutrient space and a good growth environment, which is conducive to the occurrence and growth of low-level earthworms. (2) Shallow root distribution, premature aging and lodging. (3) The contradiction between source and library is fierce, and the branch stems are deteriorating obviously. 2, direct broadcast rice matching technology (1) choose a good variety. Maturity and ripening were selected, and the lodging resistance was good. The hybrid rice with moderate tillering was used as direct seed rice. (2) Determine the appropriate starting point for the group. Usually 1/5-1/6 of the effective ear is used as the starting point of the group, that is, 4-50000 seedlings of early rice and late rice, and 3-350000 seedlings of medium rice. (3) Grasp the quality of sowing to ensure that the seedlings are fully seedlings. The first is to do a good job in seed treatment and germination. The second is to make a good job in Daejeon. The third is divided into several sub-stations. (4) Do a good job of chemical weeding. Live grass field damage is heavy, we must do a good job of chemical weeding. (5) Pay attention to the drying time and quality. ? Sun can not only inhibit the invalid childbirth, but also can promote deep rooting and improve resistance to collapse. The field population reached 70%-80% of the effective ear and began to dry the field, moderately re-lighting, and the latter was mainly moist. (6) Apply panicle fertilizer to prevent premature aging. Generally, 15-20 days before heading, 5 kg of urea is applied per acre to reduce the degradation of spikelets and to increase the effect of flower growth. Also pay attention to preventing pests.