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Problems and Countermeasures of Backyard Chickens in Rural Areas
First, the problems existing in rural scattered chickens 1, brooding temperature is low. Rural chicken brooding does not pay attention to insulation, especially in the spring, the temperature changes, but the chicks themselves poor body temperature regulation, not easily adapt to changes in the outside world, resulting in chickens are afraid of cold, crushed to death or resistance to chicks, susceptible to disease Caused massive deaths. 2, poor sanitary conditions. Most of the rural bred huts are made from old items that have been condemned as simple, and have not been sterilized. This can easily lead to the occurrence of a chick disease. 3, a single feed, lack of nutrition. After farmers recover chickens, they usually use broken rice, bran, and greens to feed them. The nutrition is single, and it is impossible for the chicks to grow healthily and develop easily. 4, human factors. The first is that the stocking chickens have been foraging for food, which has inflicted damages on the seedlings of other farmers' farms. As a result, some farmers spread pesticides in the fields and caused a large number of chicken poisoning deaths. Second, theft caused by social security issues has seriously affected the farmers. Feeding enthusiasm. 5. The epidemic prevention program is not perfect and it is easy to cause the epidemic. The first is that individual farmers have low awareness of chicken epidemic prevention and there is a chance of luck; Second, some rural households are not standardized in epidemic prevention operations and have poor epidemic prevention effects. As a result, infectious diseases in rural chickens occur year after year, causing massive deaths. Second, countermeasures 1. Strengthen propaganda and popularize epidemic prevention knowledge. Grass-roots animal husbandry and veterinary staff must actively disseminate scientific poultry raising techniques and bird disease prevention and epidemic prevention knowledge to the general farmers, establish and improve the epidemic prevention rules and regulations, and raise the level of chicken farmers in general. 2, to strengthen the brooding stage of temperature management. The temperature in the house is 30-32°C in the first week and 28-30°C in the second week. After that, the temperature is lowered by 2°C per week to room temperature, and the relative humidity is 60-65%. At the same time, attention should be paid to the enhancement of ventilation. In the case of brooding broodstock breeding, a method of brooding by temperature can be adopted, that is, the chicks can be timely caught in a wooden box or a cardboard box after feeding to heat each other. When the ambient temperature is relatively cold, a 15-60 watt light bulb (depending on the ambient temperature) can be hung in the box to keep the temperature inside the box relatively stable. Check the status of the flock and prevent them from squeezing each other. 3, start eating at the right time. After the farmers have recovered the chicks from the hatchery, they can eat for a while. Warm water or 3% potassium permanganate solution should be given before the start of eating. The water temperature should be controlled at about 18°C. After drinking water, you can use broken rice to add more vitamins or feeds from chicks produced by feed manufacturers. 4, feed diversification. Strive to feed with a nutritious, palatable, digestible mix. When feeding, regular ration, less feeding, feeding 5-6 times per day and night. 5, feeding density should be moderate. Generally, 20-30 feathers per square meter at the age of 1-7 days, 15-25 feathers per square meter at the age of 2 weeks, and with the increase of the age, the density is gradually reduced to 8-10 feathers per square meter. 6, strengthen feeding and management, strict prevention of disease. First, the chicken house should be regularly cleaned and disinfected, and the grass be changed frequently. The diseased chickens should be treated in a timely manner. The second is to strictly control the immunization process. Normal chicks were given 7 days of age with Newcastle disease II, 14 days of age immunization with bursa of the bursa of Fabricius, and they were eligible for immunizations such as poultry transmission. The third was the regular prevention and control of culprit diseases in chicken houses, especially The prevention and treatment of chicken coccidiosis, the prevention and treatment of drugs include Chlorophenyl hydrazine, Amprolium, Baccarat spirit, the enemy bacteria net, etc., alternating use, avoid single-use drugs for continuous long-term use. 7. Strengthen the breeding of new chicken breeds. The first is to select and breed as soon as possible and provide good indigenous hybrid chickens suitable for free-range farming in rural areas in order to increase the efficiency of raising chickens and increase the income of farmers. Second, develop and produce compound feed for rural free-range chickens. 8. Strengthen the government service function. First, it is necessary to cultivate and build a number of specialized markets and wholesale markets with special characteristics. Second, encourage and guide farmers to participate in circulation, increase the efficiency of raising chickens, and increase the income of farmers. Third, formulate medium and long-term development plans and supporting The policy measures to maintain the continuity of the development of rural chicken farming and progressive.