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Kiwi Cultivation Management Points in Mountain Areas
Kiwi, a genus of kiwifruit and cynomolgus, is a wild vine. China's vast mountainous areas are rich in kiwifruit resources. In addition to Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and a few other provinces (regions), almost all of the country is distributed kiwifruit. Kiwi fruit is sweet and sour palatability, high nutritional value, has the reputation of "fruit treasures", and has certain control effects on hypertension, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer. At present, the development of kiwifruit in the country is flourishing. In cultivating kiwifruit, in order to obtain high quality and high yield, we must pay attention to cultivation techniques and scientific management in key periods. The main points of its cultivation and management techniques are summarized as follows: 1. The selection of kiwifruit gardens and racks The choice of kiwifruit gardens and rack-type selection is convenient in mountain areas, where there is sufficient light, water is available, moderate rainfall, slightly greater humidity, loose, well ventilated sandy loam or sandy soil, or The humus-rich sloping soil hilly lands are better for gardens. After the site is determined, the roads, irrigation and drainage systems, and fertilizer management rooms should be planned, and then the planned ventilation ditch should be planned. Kiwifruit planting mainly used scaffolding methods: T-shaped frame, fences, tripods, scaffolding and so on. Most of the flat-topped scaffolds can be used on site to make use of the existing small-diameter trees for live piles, plus some replaceable bamboo and wooden logs, and concrete piles are used for key parts. In situ height 1.8 meters, with 10-12 number of horizontal and vertical cross-wire was "well" shape network, wire spacing of about 60 cm. Second, fertilization According to kiwifruit varieties, the planned yield and soil fertility determine the amount of fertilizer. Each plant in the pit before planting can be applied with 2.5 kg of fruit and tree fertilizer once. The young tree is applied with a small amount of multiple fertilization. Afterwards, fertilization is usually performed 3 times a year, with 1 fertilizer and 2 top dressings. The basal fertilizer is also known as winter fertilizer, which is applied after the fruit is harvested. Each plant applies 20 kg of organic fertilizer and 1.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer is mixedly applied. The first top dressing was applied after germination. Each NPK fertilizer was applied to 2 kg to enrich the spring shoots and the resulting tree. The second time was applied before the growing season and could be applied to the fruit or compound fertilizer. Because the root of the kiwifruit is a fleshy root, it is necessary to dig a shallow ditch from the root to apply chemical fertilizer and seal the soil so as not to cause root burning. After fertilization in dry season, irrigation must be performed. Third, plastic pruning and sparse fruit tree branches According to the scaffolding method, to make full use of the plane, so that the distribution of branches, so as to achieve the purpose of high yield and quality. After kiwifruit cultivation, it was divided into winter cuts, summer cuts and pruning of male plants. The winter shear was carried out during the period from 1 month before the defoliation to the early spring budding, mainly sparsely sheared, and the short cut was appropriate. Keep the main vine and the resulting mother branch, and you should cut off the dense branches. Weak branches, cross branches, and pests and branches. Summer cuts are mainly from mid-May to early July, except for the buds, toppings, sparse shears and tie-ups. The buds on the main trunk are wiped out in time to arrange the shoots. Male plants are trimmed after the May to June flowers. Keep 3-4 shoots per plant, leaving 4-6 shoots per shoot. When the new shoot is 1 meter long, it will be picked up. It usually takes 1 month after flowering. Leave in the middle fruit, thinning fruit, to reach 1 fruit per 4-5 leaves. Generally, the branch has 1-2 fruits per 20 centimeters, and the weak branches 20-25 centimeters have 5-6 fruit. 50kg strains should produce 500-600 fruits. Diseases and pests control hazards Kiwifruit has diseases such as anthracnose, root-knot nematode disease, blight, damping-off, root rot, and fruit soft rot. Among them, anthrax is harmful to both stems and leaves, and also harms the fruit. It can be sprayed 2-3 times with 800 times carbendazim for prevention and control. For root-knot nematode disease, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened and controlled with methyl isophosulfide or 30% carbofuran toxicity soil. The main pests of kiwifruit are Mulberry Shields, Betel nut shields, ground tigers, beetles, leafhoppers, and fruit suckers. The insects of the cope beetles were controlled with omethoate or swift 1500-2000 times liquid; the ground pests were mixed with frydan and carbofuran according to the ratio of 10:1. For beetles, they are sprayed with dipterex or malathion 1000 times in the late afternoon or early April, or with pyrethroid insecticides. Leafhoppers, controlled with 50% phoxim or 1000 times. The fruit sucking fruitworm occurs in September, when the fruit sugar content begins to increase, and it damages the fruit at night, causing fruit drop or the formation of hard blocks. The use of bagging, black light, or sweet and sour liquid (1:1) can be used for trapping, killing, or killing. Or Poder 3000 times spray every 10-15 days, from the end of August until the end of harvest. After the fruit is picked, the orchard is cleaned, pests and branches are cut off, dead branches are burned, and burned in a centralized manner to reduce the sources of pest infestation. Fifth, the storage life and quality of kiwifruit harvested during appropriate period are greatly affected by its maturity at harvest. Kiwi fruit harvested too early or too late will affect the quality and flavor of the fruit, and must pass through the quality formation period in order to fully mature. According to the fruit development period, when the soluble solid content of fruit is 6%-7%, it is suitable for harvesting, while the fruit requiring long-term storage is required to reach 7%-10%. Early harvest, poor flavor. Harvesting should be conducted on a sunny, windless day. It should not be harvested in the rain, after the rain, and in the morning when the dew is dry. Picking time is better when the temperature does not rise before 10am. When harvesting, it should be lightly handled, lightly handled, and carefully handled to avoid bruising or stacking. It is best to carry out packing and storage in accordance with the classification. The bottom of the containers used to hold peaches, such as boxes and oysters, is made of soft material for the padding, and it is light and easy to put on. It can't pull the fruit pedicle and wipe the peel. After the initial harvest, the fruit is firm and astringent. It must be cooked and softened after 7-10 days. The ripe fruit should not be stored, but be sold in time.