Five protein feeds for ruminants
1. Use rumen to protect amino acids. A small amount of rumen-protected amino acids can be used instead of rumen non-degradable proteins. For example, rumen-protected amino acids (50 g) can replace 500 g of blood meal and meat and bone meal, which can increase milk production and milk fat percentage of dairy cows, and can also reduce the cost of rations for rations. . 2. Use expanded soybean powder, rapeseed and cottonseed. Soybeans in the expansion process under high temperature and high pressure can make starch gelatinization and protein binding in feed, reduce protein degradation rate in the rumen, improve protein and energy utilization. For example, if the heat is applied to 160°C to process the extruded rumen protein, the protein utilization ratio of the raw soybean is increased from 15.9% to 69.6%, indicating that the amino acid of the extruded soybean has an ideal digestibility. The rapeseed meal heated to 130°C was expanded, and the nitrogen utilization in the small intestine could be increased from 208 g/kg before processing to 288 g/kg, and the degradation rate of ruminal protein from 65% to 35%. At the same time, the high-pressure puffing can destroy the anti-nutritional factors and toxic substances in the vegetable protein and improve the feed utilization rate. Extruded cottonseed can reduce the content of free gossypol in cottonseed from 0.91% to 0.021%. Feeding cows can increase milk production and feed utilization. 3. Use heat-treated pods. Because the protein in the diet can be denatured by heating the soybean meal, the solubility is reduced, thereby reducing the degradation rate of the protein in the rumen and increasing the utilization rate. It was determined that the ruminal degradation rate of protein without heated soybean meal was 49.53%. After 45 minutes of heat treatment at 75°C, 100°C, 125°C and 150°C, the rumen degradability of protein was 45.06%, 41.01%, respectively. 37.56% and 23.95%, indicating that the heating energy can significantly reduce the rumen degradability of soybean protein. 4. Treated bean cake with formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can reduce the rate of protein degradation in the rumen. Treating with formaldehyde can increase the nitrogen deposition rate in the body, reduce the rumen amino acid concentration, reduce the urine nitrogen excretion, improve the utilization of digestible nitrogen, and increase the sheep's utilization of protein feed. If the bean cake was treated with 2 g/kg DM formaldehyde, the rumen dry matter degradation rate dropped from 87.19% to 60.93%, and the crude protein degradation rate could drop by 48.36% from 87.69%. 5. Urea use. Feeding urea to cattle and sheep has low costs and good results. Each kilogram of urea is equivalent to 2.6 kilograms of crude protein or nutrition equivalent to 5 kilograms of soybean cake. However, the method of use should be scientific. It is best to use coated urea or biuret, which can significantly improve the production performance of cattle and sheep. For beef cattle and sheep, the weight gain can be increased by 10% to 20%, and the effect is even lower at the low egg diet level. obvious.