The main types of greenhouse fertilizer and precautions

There is a wide variety of fertilizers for greenhouses, which can be divided into organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers according to the type of use. According to the use method, it is divided into base fertilizer and top dressing. Shouguang shed vegetable basic fertilizer is generally chicken, duck, pig fat, soybean meal, soybean and some of the auxiliary fertilizer. What kind of fertilizer, how much should be used, what matters should be paid attention to, the author put forward the following suggestions based on the inspections in recent years.

First, the characteristics of various types of fertilizer

(a) Livestock and poultry manure is fully nutrient-rich, and appropriate high-yield energy can be produced. The manure manure has a comprehensive nutrient content, organic matter and large, medium and trace elements are almost all, especially the organic matter content can reach more than 90%, and it is of vital importance to improve the soil, root and grow trees, and high quality and high yield. Livestock manure is a slow-acting fertilizer with long and slow fertilizer effect. It needs to be available for crop absorption after microbial decomposition and conversion. In winter and spring seasons, it usually takes 15 to 20 days to exert its fertilizer efficiency. Because of the stamina, it can inhibit premature aging. Because the livestock and poultry fertilizers contain more amino acids and aromatic substances, the appropriate increase in the fruit color, luster, sweet and sour degree have a greater impact, adhere to the use of livestock and poultry fertilizer, fruit sweet and delicious is good prove.

The mineral nutrient contained in livestock manure is not too high, ie, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. are all limited, especially nitrogen is lost during the decomposing process, the content is insufficient, and it is far from meeting the needs of the crop during the fruit period. Therefore, we must grasp two points. First, the amount of fertilizer should be large. According to Shouguang's experience and practice, generally about 10 square meters per mu were applied. The second is to apply chemical fertilizers in time after the initial fruit period to supplement the deficiency of chemical elements. The nutrient content of rice, chicken, duck and dung of rice husk is even lower, more than 20 square meters per mu can also be used. However, large-scale application for many years can cause deeper soil-borne diseases, and the main root system of the crop is dark brown and necrotic. Livestock manure cannot be used freshly. It must be applied after sufficient decomposing. It can kill most of the harmful bacteria and pest eggs through decomposing, and can decompose and release harmful gases. Otherwise, it will be fat and burned, and some can cause serious losses. After decomposing, the livestock manure can not only be used as micro-fertilizer, but also as a good top-dressing fertilizer. With repeated application of water, it has obvious effect on preventing premature aging and increasing yield. Its advantage is that chemical fertilizer cannot be compared. Livestock manure is used as a base fertilizer or top dressing, preferably in combination with a ternary compound fertilizer.

(b) The biological bacterial fertilizer has a large effect, and it is necessary to rely on it for raising the soil.

With the planting of greenhouse vegetables, the accumulation of soil-borne diseases and self-toxic substances has become more and more serious. Especially, more and more mineral elements have been adsorbed by soil particles, presenting insoluble compounds and causing soil salinization. To change the situation of soil deterioration, simply relying on chemical pesticides for soil treatment is obviously difficult to achieve. Through the application of biological bacterial fertilizer, soil problems can be effectively solved. First, if a sufficient amount of Bacillus or yeast, etc. in the fungus fertilizer, will form a certain beneficial flora, the beneficial bacteria flora can restrict the propagation and infestation of harmful microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the crop, inhibiting or " Eat "harmful bacteria, so it has the role of prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. Second, self-toxic substances such as bacillus that can decompose crops can also decompose the mineral elements that have been fixed in the soil, so that the nutrients that cannot be absorbed by crops for many years are repeatedly used and intensified, and the salt content in the soil is gradually reduced. To achieve the purpose of reducing salinization.

The number of effective bacteria in the biological bacterial fertilizer, ie, the number of live bacteria, is an important indicator for judging the pros and cons of the bacterial fertilizer. Generally, it is better to have more than 200 million viable bacteria per gram. The number of live bacteria is closely related to the mother liquor or matrix of the fungus fertilizer. If the matrix contains more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the viable count may not be too high, because the change of the pH value and the nutritional deficiency of the matrix may make the beneficial bacteria unable to survive. In addition, soil moisture and ground temperature are also important factors limiting the action of biological bacteria. When purchasing bio-fertilizer, the first is to look at the brand, such as antibacterial 968, three torch microbial agents, Dayuan, Sanzhong micro-fertilizer and so on. The second is to look at the content of beneficial bacteria, in general, the more viable cells the better. The third is to look at the factory date, which is higher than the long-term storage period.

The application of biological bacterial fertilizer has basic application, acupoint application, furrow application and flushing application. Pay attention to the soil moisture when applying it. When the soil moisture is high, the biological bacteria can reproduce and expand. Secondly, the soil temperature should be suitable, too high ground temperature can affect the survival and role of beneficial bacteria, generally more than 35 °C or less than 12 °C is not appropriate, so after the use of biological bacteria can not be high temperature stuffy shed. Furthermore, biological bacterial fertilizers can be mixed with organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers also serve as a substrate for beneficial bacteria to provide more nutrients and enhance their activity. However, they must be used with caution when mixing chemical fertilizers, especially acupuncture and ditching. When Shihe Chong Shi, the amount of chemical fertilizer must be less. In addition, after the use of biological bacterial fertilizer, it is generally not possible to use fungicides for root irritation and flushing, especially for antibiotics and copper preparations.

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