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1 Cultivated patterns Bamboo cultivars, grains, vegetables cultivation patterns and expected returns are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1 Cultivation mode and expected yield of bamboo vine, grain and vegetable crop name Cultivation season area/m2 Yield/kg Output value/yuan wheat from mid-October to the end of May next year 330 300 400 to 450
Lettuce from early November to late March 330 2000 1000 to 1500
Bamboo sticks from the end of March to the end of September the following year 165 25 ~ 30 (dry weight) 2000 ~ 2500
Maize from mid-April to mid-April to the end of July 330 300 to 400 350 to 500
Luffa gourd from mid-May to late September 330 2000 to 2500 1200 to 2000
Cabbage from late July to early October 330 3000 1200 to 1800
2 Cultivation Techniques
2.1 Autumn sowing wheat The farmland with flat terrain, sunny leeward, slightly sour soil, loose fertility, and convenient drainage and drainage is selected. In mid-October, six rows of wheat are sown at intervals of 1 m along the north and south.
2.2 Winter planting lettuce In early November, dig a 15 cm deep and 15-20 cm wide water ditches in the reserved 1m gap. Dig the soil and cover it on both sides of the ditch. Shave into a turtle shape, and plant two on each side of the ditch. Let lettuce, spacing 25cm, spacing 30cm, covering the film, in mid-February the next year covered with a small arch shed, harvested in late March.
2.3 After the spring planting bamboo shoots lettuce was harvested, timely preparation was made. In the center of the 1m gap, a 50-cm wide and 10-cm-deep bamboo ditches were planted. Lime was sprinkled with lime, and it was sterilized by insect repellent. Then, a layer of fine soil of 1 to 2 cm in thickness was patted. The bottom layer of a layer of soybean stalks, about 5cm thick, spread evenly above the first layer of bacteria (1/3 of the total use of species). Then lay a layer of corn stalk, about 10cm thick, and sprinkle the rest of the bacteria evenly on the corn stover. Then cover with a layer of corn cob and hardwood sawdust, 3 to 5cm thick, made into a turtle shape. Finally cover a layer of soil, thick 3 ~ 5cm. Covering the film, insulation and moisturizing. From the third day of sowing, the membrane was ventilated at noon for 30 to 60 minutes every day to promote mycelial growth. In early May, when the temperature is above 25°C, the mulch film is removed and covered with moist wheat straw on the surface of the soil to protect it from light and moisture. When the weather is dry and the soil is whitish, spray water to moisturize it in time. Bamboo rafts are aerobic fungi, soil moisture is too high, permeability will decrease, affecting the normal breathing of bamboo mycelium, in serious cases will cause mycelium death and no harvest. Therefore, in the rainy season, bow-shaped scaffolds should be erected to cover the grass curtains to prevent rain. When there is a lot of rain, dig trenches to prevent the water in the soil and culture materials. 40 to 50 days after sowing, when the mycelium grows up on the surface of the soil layer, the water is stopped for 6 to 7 days to improve the air permeability of the soil layer, prevent the hyphae from being prolonged, and promote the kinking of the fungus, and then heavy water to stimulate the bud. With the growth of the ball, increase the amount of water spray, so that the matrix moisture content of 70% to 75%, relative humidity of 85%. After the mushroom ball matures, it usually breaks at 5:00 to 8:00 in the morning and stops growing at the stipe. The bacteria skirt is completely opened and the fruit body is formed. It takes 3 to 4 hours. Spray water once in the morning and evening of this period, maintaining a relative humidity of 95%. After the fruit body is formed, timely harvest and dry the package. Every time one tide is finished, the cover soil shall be scraped off in time, and a layer of fresh raw materials shall be stamped on the pile. The thickness shall be 2 to 3cm, and then covered with a layer of fresh soil. Usually sowing 1, can harvest 2 to 3 tide, dry goods 150 ~ 250g / square meter.
2.4 On-demand corn In mid-April of April, on the two sides of the bamboo planting clams, 5 to 10 cm away from the edge of the clams, each spot sowed 1 line of spring corn with 16.5 cm spacing. After the corn grows tall, it can create a small moist environment for the growth of the bamboo. The straw was left as a loofah scaffold after corn was harvested.
2.5 Sets of loofahs In the middle of May, rows of loofah were planted on the outside of the row of corn, and the distance between the rows was 50 cm. Above the bamboo rafts, straight to the bamboo poles or concrete pillars, pull two wire 2 meters high, in order to benefit the loofah. The loofah after climbing has provided a good shading and moisturizing environment for the bamboograss to grow later.
2.6 After harvesting summer cabbage and wheat, empty spaces are reserved for sidewalks, facilitating the management and harvesting of bamboo rafts. In mid-July, after the harvest of the first tidal oysters was completed, two quails were built in the center of the sidewalk. Each row of vines was planted with 1 line of early autumn cabbage with a spacing of 50 cm and a spacing of 33 cm. Harvested before and after National Day. In late September, the cultivation of bamboo vines was completed, the loofah was cut off, the corn stalks were cut off, and the bamboo stalk cultivation waste was sprinkled in the field as base fertilizer. In the first half of October, farmland was planted in mid-October, and wheat was sown in the bamboo-planting area in the middle of the year.
3 Precautions
3.1 Preferred varieties Crop varieties should use high quality, high quality varieties adapted to the cultivation season and ecological conditions. Bamboo poles should be selected medium and high temperature type long skirt bamboo poles, such as DL-01, the strain can be formed at 25 ~ 35 °C under the conditions of normal ball and fruiting bodies, and high yield, good quality, is the ideal cultivated strains of Huanghuai plain.
3.2 Choosing Bamboo Cultivated Cultivation Materials Many crop stalks are ideal raw materials for cultivating bamboo culm, which can be optimized according to local conditions. Raw materials must be fresh and free of mildew and fully dried. When used, it is processed into pieces 5 to 10 cm long. Before the material is spread, it should be fully saturated with water and the moisture content should reach 65%. For cultivation of 1 square meter, 10kg dry materials are required.
3.3 Choosing the soil covering material is a necessary condition to promote the kinking and inducing the bacteria ball. The earth-covering material is suitable for humus-rich vegetable garden soil. Before use, it should be crushed into soybean or bean-sized soil particles, and fully exposed to the sun, to insecticide sterilization. When used to reconcile the water, soil moisture content in 65%.
In short, according to the growth characteristics of bacteria, grains, and vegetables, a reasonable intercropping of bamboo vines and grain crops is carried out to make full use of natural resources such as soil to turn crop stalks into waste, reduce straw burning, and increase straw return. Both fertilize the soil and greatly increase the yield per unit of land area. Compared with wheat and corn (or soybeans, etc.), they both receive two incomes and increase income by 667 square meters for several thousand dollars. It is worthwhile for a large number of farmers to rely on land to increase their income. The good way.
Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Intercropping Bamboo Grass and Grained Vegetables
The bamboo grasshopper is a rare edible mushroom known as the "fungus queen." China's artificial cultivation of bamboo rafts began in the 1970s, and was prolific in the rich mountainous areas of the Jiangnan Mountains. In the late 1980s, the use of crop stalks to cultivate bamboo rafts was successful, making it possible to artificially cultivate bamboo rafts in the northern plains. Since 2000, using crop stalks as a cultivation material, a highly efficient intercropping technique has been explored for the intercropping of bamboo vines and grained vegetables. The economic benefits are significant.